Park internet gambling Essay

Chapter IV Sub problem 1: What is the main reason of IT students to enter gambling through the use of computer games? Reasons| Male(n= 58)| %| Female(n=42)| %| Totaln=100| %| Rank| Lack of Money| 15| 26%| 13| 31%| 28| 28%| 8| To forget love problems| 14| 24%| 10| 24%| 24| 24%| 10| For Enjoyment| 43| 74%| 33| 79%| 76| 76%| 2| To earn extra income| 14| 24%| 9| 21%| 23| 23%| 11| Addiction in Playing| 33| 57%| 25| 60%| 58| 58%| 3| Lack of love from family| 1| .98%| 7| 17%| 8| 8%| 12| Peer Pressure| 23| 40%| 14| 33%| 37| 37%| 7| Past Time| 49| 85%| 38| 90%| 87| 87%| 1| To avoid boredom| 29| 50%| 14| 33%| 43| 43%| 5| To Socialize & meet new friends| 16| 28%| 11| 26%| 27| 27%| 9| Hobby| 28| 48%| 23| 55%| 51| 51%| 4| Stress Reliever| 23| 40%| 16| 38%| 39| 39%| 6| Out of 42 female respondents, majority of them says that they are playing computer games and entering gambling for past time and the least reason that they have chosen is also the same as the male respondents answered, lack of love from family maybe because it’s not a big deal for them to handle family issues. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Rank 1= Past Time Rank 10= To Forget Love Problems Rank 2= Enjoyment Rank 11= to earn extra income Rank 3= Addiction in Playing Rank 12= Lack of love from Family Rank 4= Hobby Rank 5= to avoid Boredom Rank 6= Stress Reliever Rank 7= Peer Pressure Rank 8= Lack of Money Rank 9= To Socialize SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The purpose of this study is to know the reasons of the I.T Students why their used to gamble using computer games. We conducted a survey to know their reasons. We gathered some information to our classmates who used to gamble using computer games. The questionnaire was spread in all I.T Students of Institute Technology. We made 100 copies of questionnaire for us to evaluate their own reasons. We also gave them 15 questions to choose 5 main of their reasons to enter this kind of gamble. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.thedti.gov.za/news2011/Appendix.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gambling_Impact_Study_Commission_Act POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Polytechnic University of the Philippines Institute of Technology Sta. Mesa Manila Dear IT Students: This survey was conducted to determine the Reason of IT students to enter the gambling through the use of Computer Games. Truly yours, Students of ICMT Name: __________________________________ Course:______________________ School: _______________________________________________________________________ Topic: Reasons of the IT Students to enter gambling through the use of Computer Games. Directions: Choose 5 specific problems why IT Students enter gambling through the use of computer games. ( ) Because Lack of Money ( ) To forget Love Problems ( ) For Enjoyment ( ) To earn extra income ( ) Addiction in Playing ( ) Lack of love from Family ( ) Peer Pressure ( ) Past Time ( ) To avoid boredom ( ) To Socialize & meet new friends ( ) Hobby ( ) Stress Reliever Hypothesis There are differences on the respondents of the I.T Students in Institute of Technology between their answers in the survey that we provided. In reasons of the I.T Students to enter gambling through the use of the computer games (Lack of Money), (To forget love problems), (For Enjoyment) (To earn extra income), (Addiction in playing), (Lack of love from family), (Peer Pressure) (Past time), (To avoid boredom), (To Socialize and meet new friends), (Hobby) and (Stress Reliever). Scope and Limitation of the student This study covered the reasons of the I.T Students to enter gambling through the use of Computer Games. There are weaknesses and limitations associated with the study. Steps to improve the reliability of self-report include the assurance of anonymity. Although the participants were encouraged to answer honestly and reminded that their responses would be anonymous, they may not have been entirely honest in their self- reported gambling behaviors and may have intentionally or unintentionally given false information about the variables under study. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES This study sought the reasons of the I.T Students to enter the gambling through the use of computer games. Specifically, this research determined each reason of the students. IT students would benefit from this research because they can manage more efficiently and reduced the time that they wasting for the computer games. A lack of exposure may also mean the I.T students are less aware of the Potential risks associated with gambling. A lack of experience is also likely to mean the students are less familiar with strategies for self†regulating gambling such as taking a set amount of money to venues and mixing gambling with other forms of entertainment. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Out of 58 male respondents, majority of them says that they are playing computer games and entering gambling for past time and the least reason that they have chosen is lack of love from family maybe because it’s not a big deal for them to handle family issues. Out of 42 female respondents, majority of them says that they are playing computer games and entering gambling for past time and the least reason that they have chosen is also the same as the male respondents answered, lack of love from family maybe because it’s not a big deal for them to handle family issues. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Foreign Studies Mark D Griffiths and Jonathan Park Internet gambling is a relatively under-researched area. While our current knowledge remains in its infancy and the prevalence rates are relatively low, researchers and cliniciansare predicting greater involvement among youth. A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was undertaken. The resulting relevant literature was classified into four areas. These were (a) the empirical studies on adolescent internet gambling, (b) online gambling-like experiences in adolescence, (c) adolescent gambling via social networking sites, and (d) adolescent gambling via online penny auction sites. Age verification in relation to prevention and regulation is also examined. It is concluded that young people appear to be very proficient in using and accessing new media and are likely to be increasingly exposed to remote gambling opportunities. These young people will therefore require education and guidance to enable them to cope with the challenges of convenience gambling in all its guises. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Local Studies The National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act of 1996 (Public, 110 Stat. 1482, enacted August 3, 1996) is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President of the United States Bill Clinton. This legislation established the National Gambling Impact Study Commission in 1997 to conduct a comprehensive legal and factual study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States on: (1) Federal, State, local, and Native American tribal governments; and (2) communities and social institutions generally, including individuals, families, and businesses within such communities and institutions. Mandates a report to the President, the Congress, State Governors, and Native American tribal governments. Requires the Commission to contract with the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and the United States National Research Council for assistance with the study. Authorizes appropriations. Specifically the commission was to look at the following: 1. existing policies and practices concerning the legalization of prohibition of gambling 2. the relationship between gambling and crime 3. the nature and impact of pathological and problem gambling 4. the impacts of gambling on individuals, communities, and the economy, including depressed economic areas 5. the extent to which gambling revenue had benefited various governments and whether alternative revenue sources existed 6. the effects of technology, including the Internet on gambling The study lasted two years, and in 1999 the commission released it final report. There was a separate section on Indian gaming provided.[2] POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Statement of the problem Moreover, there has been little research documenting whether general gaming education has any effect on students’ gambling attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions. Hence, there remains a void for studies related to these factors. College administrators and student affairs professionals have been criticized for the lack of attention and recognition of the gambling issue on campuses. A study by Shaffer, et al (2005) revealed that although gambling is commonplace on college campuses, only 22 percent of 119 schools studied had adopted any type of gambling policy.

Institutes for cat preparation

Institute FOR CAT PREPARATIONThe great author, Alexandre Dumas, one time said â€Å" nil succeeds like success † . It is, but a victor, who takes all the awards, and non the losers. To win is an unconditioned leaning of adult male in any competition. In today ‘s universe, instruction is the chief race. Every individual demands the best. Hence, the ferocious competition. If the competition be, to merely come in a good school, one can conceive of how strict the ‘rat race ‘ will be. After school, ( 10+2 or intermediate ) , one attempts to acquire into the best college and make the best alumnus degree class. But, the occupation market, being what it is today, a Post-graduation becomes necessary. In India these yearss there is no famine of classs and colleges. But how many are reputed, supply good instruction, have all installations etc. ? A really of import calling these yearss is Business direction. To acquire into a good B-School itself is a dashing undertaking. With merely a few thousand seats in all B-Schools combined, it is a large challenge for the lacs of campaigners. So, we have entrance tests. The ‘CAT ‘ ( Common Admission Test ) , conducted by the ‘IIMs ‘ ( Indian Institute of Management ) , is one of the toughest entryway trials. Conducted by the IIMs, this alone trial, checks one for one ‘s IQ, general English and general math and other soft accomplishments. This trial has a specialized marker system, besides carries negative points. There are about 75 B-Schools besides the six IIMs which accept CAT tonss. Since CAT needs particular readying, there are training institutes for CAT itself. How to Choose an Institute: CAT coaching is done fundamentally at three degrees ; schoolroom, correspondence & A ; online. The latter two may be followed up with a personal contact plan clang class. Following guidelines will be utile: * Make certain the institute is of reputation. It has all the basic installations to take up CAT coaching. Some institutes offer free demo categories. That may be good, but do n't trust on them as a free demo is any manner traveling to be good. * Do non travel by their word on how many pupils they have placed, low fees or strength of ex-IIM module. * The institute may run training for non-IIMs as good, but what is your demand? Most institutes offer, at a small excess cost, developing for both. In such a instance a GK subdivision is included which may assist in GD/PI subsequently. Act consequently * Mark your pick between correspondence, schoolroom & A ; on-line classs. Online classs are suggested the least as synergistic and at-length classs are better. * If your metropolis does non hold a schoolroom coaching, travel for a correspondence class and take mock cats along with synergistic clang class. ( it may non be a bad pick to travel to a nearby large metropolis for that. ) * Last but non the least, does the institute provide GD/PI ( Group Discussion/ Personal Interview ) session subsequently on. they are every bit of import as the written trial. * If you require a survey loan, travel straight to a bank, non through the institute. Such is the demand for CAT readying that Pre-CAT institutes have sprung up like Mushrooms all over. Some of the outstanding 1s are: O IMS Learning Resources Pvt. Ltd: possibly the oldest in game, it is headquartered in Mumbai. It has a presence in over 50 metropoliss. Outstanding 1s are Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhubneshwar, Baroda, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Jammu, Jaipur, Kolkata, kanpur, Lucknow, Mumbai, Madurai, Nagpur etc. the institute gives its USP as the most no. of arrangements. o Career Launcher: A Delhi based institute, it is one of the younger institutes. Has many subdivisions in Delhi. Has subdivisions in Mumbai, Pune, NOIDA, Lucknow, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Burdwan, Durgapur, Bangalore, Hubli, Ahmedabad etc. every bit good. o Ascent Education: It is a Chennai based institute.it besides provides classs in correspondence & A ; on-line classs in multiple locations. o T.I.M.E. ( Triumphant institute of direction instruction ) : Headquartered in Hyderabad, it imparts schoolroom coaching in most major towns of India. Harmonizing to the T.I.M.E. , it imparts low-cost class. It has been a recent success. Has been founded by IIM & A ; XLRI alumna. o Career Forum: This institute provides training in Pune and 6 other metropoliss. It besides provides correspondence classs. O Brilliant Tutorials: A veteran of IIT JEE, this Chennai based institute besides provides reputed classs in CAT every bit good. Possibly the most advertised one, it claims a high success rate. o Other outstanding institutes are PT ( professional tutorials ) , The Princeton Review, Magnum, Bulls oculus, Prudence academy, Indo-Scottish Study Circle, Mastervision Nucleus ( Bangalore ) etc. One can besides acquire information from the Net ( Google, Yahoo ) , by word-of-mouth from their equals, Educational addendums of major national dailies. Now-a-days it is possible that MBA entryway preparation institutes outnumber the B-Schools themselves! Remember what person said, † If you fail to fix, fix to neglect † . There is no ground to believe that if you go to a little CAT-prep school, live in a little town or you are Differently-abled u ca n't check CAT. Hard-work, regularity & A ; pattern are the key to ‘Belling the CAT ‘ !

Overseas M&A of Chinese Enterprises Essay

The purpose of this article is to summarize the problems related to the overseas M&A of Chinese firms and to propose suggestions on its corresponding improvements. It firstly describes the brief history of China’s overseas M&A in three phases and its current status including the growth trend, the location preference and the sector distribution ; iand illustrates one succesussfulrvived case of Lenovo and two failed cases of Chinalco and SAIC. Then Seondly it analyzes the factors contributing to the success: economy growth, exchange rate, foreign currency reserve and proper management; points out the reasons of failure: political resistance, strategy error, integration difficulty and cultural difference. After that it refers to the practice of Japanese enterprises on image making, strategy selection, management localization and relation maintaining. Finally it provideoffers recommendations to improvebetter the execution of China’s overseas M&A including regarding public relationship, strategic thinking, management enhancement and cultural communication and ; draws a conclusion that whether the overseas M&A is ‘cake’ or ‘trap’ depends on what we choose to do. Overseas M&A of Chinese Companies: Cake or Trap? Introduction On 26th February 2013, China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) announced in Beijing that it successfully completed the 15. 1 billion US$ acquisition of a Canadian oil and gas company Nexen Inc NXY. TO, which was China’s largest-ever foreign takeover. This was exactly the epitome of the ‘Great Leap Forward’ of overseas M&A of Chinese companies. Along with the economic boom in more thanof 30 years, encouraged by the ‘go-out’ strategy of the government, Chinese companies have madeseen robust strides in international investment markets. However, wereas most M&A cases closed as successfully as the case of CNOOC’s acquisition of Nexon? The answer must be negative should you pay attention to many failures such as Chinalco1’s acquisition of Rio Tinto2. Did every successful starting reach a happy ending? Neveror the answer would be affirmative since the bloody costs Chinese companies have paid in overseasabroad m markets. The aim of this article is to raise a critical question to the overheated enthusiasm on international acquisitions of Chinese enterprises: would it bring a worthy return or rather a bottomless pit? Serving this purpose, the article will firstly draw a brief portrait of the history and the present situation of China’s overseas M&A and summarize its characters, experiences and lessons. Then it will analyze the reasons for the successes and failures and compare China’s performance with the practice of its international peers. FinallyIn the end, t, he authorit would like to propose some recommendation on the improvement of the M&A operation of Chinese enterprises. Status quo The overseas M&A of Chinese enterprises started in the 1990s and could be roughly divided into three phases. The first phase was from the 1990s to the year 2001, when Chinese enterprises just entered the international market and tried to ‘cross the river by feeling the stones’ and to discover acquisition opportunities. The annual amount figure of transactions at that time was below 0. 1 billion US$. The second stage was after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001 when the volume of overseas purchase takeovers reached 1 billion for the first time and till 2005 when the amount climbed to about 5 billions. The third period was fromafter 2006 till now especially after 2009 afterwardswhen global financial crisis seriously grilled struck the world’s major economies. During this period, the scale of China’s abroad overseas acquisitions exploded and each year it saw a total deal of tens of billions of dollars. In 2010, it was up to the height of 38 billion dollars, occupying 11% of the world’s transactions amount of that year3. There were some trends underlying the wavesis of overseas acquisitions waves. In terms of the quantity of deals, it was climbing climbed constantly with a number of 27 in 2003, 45 in 2005, 61 in 2007, 97 in 2009 and arrived at the record-breaking 147 in 20104. Meanwhile, the size of one transaction increased remarkably and the significant example was the abovementioned takeover of NEXON by CNOOC in 2013, a single deal of 15. 1 billion US$, overpassing exceeding the annual total of many previous years. With regard to the areas where China’s enterprises invested, American,USA Europe and Asia were their top 3 priorities, making up 27%, 21% and 15%5 respectively of the abroad acquisition volumes in 2010. About the sectors where they were interested in, the energy and mining fields were undoubtedly their first choice since 65%6 of the transactions occurred in this industry in 2010. Nonetheless, compared with the general traits, the individual cases are worth researching more carefully. A perfect example is the caseTake the story of China’s giant PC producer Lenovo7 as example, i. In December 2004 Lenovo acquired the PC department sector of IBM at the price of 1. 75 billion US dollars. After almost 10 years’ development, it was impressive that IBM became a super brand of business laptops and PCs and Lenovo had successfully enhanced its brand value and market share during the integration of two firms. It was this deal that made Lenovo a world PC giant. Conversely, the majority of Chinese buyers tasted the bitter flavor of defeats. According to the statistics of Mckinsey8 published in 2010, in the past 20 years, the success rate of international M&A was less than 50% while the failure rate of China’s overseas acquisitions was more that 67%9. In 2008, the total loss of China’s multi-national deals was nearly 35 billion US$10. For instance, in June 2009, Rio Tinto Group unexpectedly announced to breach the acquisition agreement with Chinalco and although Rio Tinto paid 0. 195 billion US$ break-up fee to Chinalco, the latter had to must pay multifold btimes of breaching compensation to China’s state-owned commercial banks and assume tremendous losses resulted from the dropping share price of Rio Tinto. Another perfect example is the case SAIC Motor11 took over SsangYong Motor12 which illustrated a failing integration after a triumphant acquisition. SAIC invested 0. 5 billion US$ to buy 48. 92% shares of SsangYong Motor in 2004 and increased its to 51. 33% in 2005. However, a smooth deal did not forecast a disaster of cultural integration. Neither SAIC achieved the aim of technology importation nor the new management team solved the annoying strikes and salary disputes so that the new enterprise staggered till 2009 when the local court approved the bankruptcy protection of SSangYong Motor, indicating the death of this acquisition. Analysis Based on the facts and cases revealed in previous chapter, we could can not help wondering that what was inside the box? In other words, what experiencepoints we can summarizecould summarize from the successful cases and what lessons we should learn from the failed ones? On one hand, the significant development of China’s overseas M&A might be generated by the following contributing factors. Firstly, the rapid economy growth drove solid requests forof the raw materials such as oil, gas or mining but subject to the limited domestic resources, Chinese enterprises turned their attention to global markets by active merging and acquiring. Secondly, since the exchange rate reform starting from 2005, the Chinese Currency RMB was appreciating gradually, for example the rate of US$ to RMB was 1: 8. 2 in 2005 but is 1: 6. 1 in 2014. In addition, the global financial crisis resulted from the subordinated debts storm in the USA remarkably dropped the share prices of listed companies in global capital markets. Both factorsThis change considerably lowered the costs of international acquisitions in recent years and created realistic opportunities for Chinese companies. Thirdly, holding the massive foreign currency reserve, for instance, 3820 billion US$ in the end of 201313, the central government of China broadened the control of foreign exchange and launched a ‘go-out’ policy to stimulate the internationalization of domestic enterprises, creating a relatively loose macro surroundings for Chinese companies. Fourthly, some Chinese companies were playing games in global markets more and more expertly. They adopted correct strategy to obtain global assets and products, executed it in accordance with international conventions, gained the advanced technology and sales networks, expanded the market share, established competitive edge and moved forward to the aim of multi-nationalization. On the other hand, it is indeed necessary to figure find out what caused the noticeable failure of Chinese acquirers. From my point of view, the reasons could be explained in four aspects. Political resistance:Political factors bear the brunt of the failure of China’s overseas acquisitions. Most Chinese enterprises engaging in international M&A were state-owned enterprises, which in the westerners eyes were regarded as the representatives of Chinese government. Although they emphasized the independence status and commercial orientation when doing business in other countries, the host governments were as prone to link them to the Communist Party of ChinaChinese government. Even if they were not state-owned, the public media often mislabeled them as Chinese SOEs because it was hard for the foreigners to distinguish the nature of one Chinese firm from the other. This was truly an extra risk of Chinese firms and constituted one fundamental obstacle toof China’s overseas acquisitions. Unfortunately, in most cases, Chinese firms had no say and did not know how to communicate with the local government or the public, only to accept the destiny of defeat. For example, the government of USA denied the 18. 5-billion-dollars acquisition of UNOCAL14 by CNOOC for the reason of state security. The failure of Chinalco’ acquisition of Rio Tinto was also attributed to the concern of economic safety of Australia. Strategic error:The core value of enterprise M&A probably is increasing the critical competitive advantage and sustainable development capacity thorough obtaining the essential resources of acquired firms, which requires thorough and appropriate strategies. Nevertheless, most Chinese enterprises, when operating international M&A, did not have a complete and clear strategiesy or did have a strategiesy but lost control of the operation and could not survive the ever-changing global markets. Some of them failed to properly evaluate their overall strengths and to completely understand the rules of international acquisitions therefore executed rush transactions blindly just catering for the individual preference of the boss or following the ‘going-out’ fashion of ‘going-out’. TheA lack of strategiesy must not realize an anticipated results. After a series of losses in international acquisitions, TCL15 admitted that the insufficient strategic preparation was the major reason contributed to its failure16. Another relevant case is the bidding for Hummer17 by Tengzhong18. Although had published an official industrial planning aiming at developing new energy vehicles in 2009, Tengzhong announced a bid for Hummer, the producer of large displacement vehicles, which completely contradicted its strategy of energy saving and emission reduction. Integration difficulty:After applause, flowers, champagnes and wines in the signature ceremony, the real challenge just starts because of the integration or management difficulties of Chinese firms. Though more and more Chinese enterprises enlarged tremendously in recent years, for example, 100 Chinese firms were listed on the Fortune Global 500 Rankings 201419, taking up one fifth of the world’s biggest companies. But compared with international giants such as Exxon Mobile, BP or Shell, Chinese firms are weak on management issues such as corporate governance, business operations, management communication skills, international reputation and marketing channels and internal integration etc. Multi-national acquisition and integration is so complicated that Chinese companies are short of not only managers who could communicate professionally with their counter-parts and standardize the operation with global horizon but also experts who are familiar with international market operations from legal, financial or managerial background20. Take TCL’s acquisition of Thomson21 for instance, after the deal was done, in less than three years, all the former executives of Thomson left the ‘new’ company22 and it fell into a crisis of management resulting in huge profit losses in the following fiscal years. It was truly a failure of team integration due to managerial incompetence. Even worse, Chinese firms were used to manage the integration after acquisitions with domestic management styles and most of them were caught in serious internal frictions, causing which caused productivity declining and profit dropping. Moreover, Chinese firms were merely accustomed to employ Chinese workers no matter where they were doing business, which exerted extensive concerns in the host country. For example, when Chinese firms acquired a local mining, a railway or harbor construction project in Africa, thousands of Chinese workers were hired to work there. It maybe impressive for many when we watched TV that more than 30,000 Chinese workers retreated from Libya after the civil war following the collapse of the Gaddafi regime in 2010. In the countries with tight policies on foreign labors, the employment patterns of Chinese acquisitions were controversial. Culture difference:Cultural is an indispensible influential factor in international M&A yet ignoring its significance is a common failing of Chinese acquirers. Many host countries complained that Chinese firms were mining robots or money machines, developing business simply on their own without incorporating themselves into the local communities and respecting the unique cultural backgrounds. The failure of SAIC’s acquisition of SsangYong, discussed mentioned in previous episode, could cast light on how the culture conflict ruined a takeover. It seems that the primary reason was SAIC’s insufficient acknowledgement of culture difference. Korea is an island country and its people have tremendous national pride therefore when SsangYong was acquired by SCIA which is from an undeveloped country of China, its employees were reluctant to accept the reality of control change and to co-operate well with the new boss. That was why they behaved negatively in the integration and apparently SAIC failed to figure out a proper strategy to deal with this issue. Moreover, SAIC underestimated the power of Labor Union and the complexity of labor disputes while paid more attention to enhance the relationship with the governmental authorities, which is anan exact reflection of Chinese culture, not suitable in Korea. The result of ignoring it was remarkable. Comparison After the analysis of what caused Chinese firms’ poor performance, before giving advice on how to improve it, it seems necessary to catch a glance at how the international peers did their M&A deals. Japan, one neighbor of China, is a perfect model we could refer to. Similar as today’s China, Japan is a country short of natural resources, from the 1960s when Japanese economy began to soar, Japanese enterprises invested massively in overseas markets to pursue a steady resource supplies. In the 1970s and 1980s, they also encountered various barriers and obstacles but Japanese firms gradually diminished the hostility and cautiousness and successfully took initiatives in global investment sectors23. Image-making:Japanese firms laid emphasis on image-polishing via the ‘think tank’ and the news media. In the 1980s, in response to the increasing hostility, Japanese firms implemented diverse strategies to turn them acceptable to the American society. Since most official critics were from the Congress, major Japanese companies established or enlarged the representative offices in Washington, DC. They tried to create the mainstream opinion via the cooperation with the think tanks, journalists orand former governmental officials and in return the think tanks held periodically forums on Japanese investments and published reports arguing that Japanese investments were beneficial to the USA economy. In most cases, Japanese firms sponsored or funded the researches or cooperated with the scholars in this field. Sustainable strategy: Japanese firms focused on a long-term effect of investments, pursued a resource-preferred acquisition strategy and did not deviate from the aim easily even if confronting temporary losses or missing profitable opportunities. As a result, the investment terms of Japanese firms were longer than those of Chinese firms. In addition, Japanese companies coordinated well with each other and avoided internal malicious competitions (which often happened among their Chinese peers) to maximize their coalition strength. Differing from Chinese acquirers in Australian market, Japanese companies were used to form an acquisition group of 3-4 firms to optimize the bargaining potential and profit margin. Local management: Unlike Chinese companies which preferred to appoint Chinese executives in overseas subordinates, Japanese investors trusted localAmerican managers and appointed them as executives. Besides, they tried to localize material supplies as much as possible. According to the report published in 2002 by the Bureau of Economics Analysis24, USA, from 1982 to 2002, the number of American suppliers of Honda25had climbed from 40 to 55026. Likewise, when negotiating with partners for acquisition deals, Japanese companies seldom requested to participated in the business operation so that they could avoid the employment, salary or land disputes, which considerably reduced the management risk and integration failure. Community relation: When investing in overseas countries, Japanese firms endeavored to integrate themselves to local culture and contribute to the construction of local communities. For example, sponsoring a baseball team or funding a cancer research center, Japanese firm had donated millions of dollars for local charity. All of these merits of goodness conveyed the information that Japanese firms respected local culture and put high value on local development. This is a sharp contrast to Chinese firms’ behavior in that they were only keen on making money but were indifferent to the lives of local residents. Recommendation Corresponding to the problems figured out discussed and the comparisons analyzed above, I would like to share my view on how to improve the overseas M&A operations of Chinese enterprises. Firstly, we should reduce the role the state plays in international acquisitions and create effective communications with stakeholders. To be honest, many overseas M&A cases illustrated the economic targets of Chinese government, which is the most controversial issue and the biggest concern in foreign markets. As the government, it must be aware of its duty and the boundary of public power, decrease the interference to micro economic operation and liberate the creativities of Chinese enterprises in overseas markets. On the other hand, Chinese government should provide necessary supervision and guidance of overseas acquisitions, reform improper and complicated formalities of abroad transaction and facilitate the currency flow by loosing strict exchange control. However, to eliminate political obstacles, the majority of the tasks are at the shoulder of Chinese enterprises themselves. It shouldmay be necessary for them to put public relationship management top of their agenda. For example, learn to communicate with the public media and the local communities in the language and style they could understand, find spokesmen in think tanks and sponsor local research academies or educational institutions are all constructive measures to enhance the soft powerimage of Chinese enterprises. In principle, we must try to let the host country, the local public, the local staff and other stakeholders believe that Chinese acquisitions are not only a business but also a kindness, not a threatens but an opportunitiesy, to all of them. Secondly, it is essential to break the spell of speculation and to adopt strategic thinking. Acquisition is not gambling but rather implementation of strategy, hence before initiating offers Chinese buyers must set up definite targets and strategies. In short, what do we exactly want? Every overseas acquisition case must have a clear strategic demand: to enhance the buyer’s weight in the value chain; to extend the brand reputation; to expand the production line or to extend the market share? We should not launch an acquisition merely because the target company is cheap or the acquisition is an eye-catching advertisement. Nothing would be more surprising than the news that a Chinese Millionaire Chen Guangbiao, whose business is recycle resourcing, announced a plan to buy New York Times. After the aim is set up, Chinese enterprise should establish and hold a firm strategy, draw an feasible plan in details to implement the strategy step by step and unless the market surroundings changes fundamentally, do not give up the fixed strategy easily. Thirdly, it could be urgent for Chinese firms to substantially enhance their management strength to survive the integration difficulties after takeovers. It is desirable for the acquirer to keep the previous management team of the acquired firm as much as possible and to pursue a ‘win-win’ target by satisfying both the requirements of the buyer and the demands of the seller as well asand its employees. Plus, they also should build a thorough management systems in accordance with international convention, enhance overall managerial strengthability, perfect internal corporate governance and establish rational incentive mechanism, to achieve a smooth integration and a sustainable development. Fourthly, it is not exaggerating to say that the failure of an overseas acquisition is actually the failure of cultural communication, which reminds Chinese buyers to take care of the cultural difference. Currently, most of the targeted firms are matured western enterprises which have built their own tradition and culture and hope to maintain rather than change it. In the contrary, Chinese firms have not developed a systematic and matured cultures. That is, China buyers have to absorb the advanced elements of the existing cultures and mix them in the formation of a new culture. Under some unique circumstances it is necessary to give up or reform the unreasonable parts in our own cultures that iare s unacceptable to the host country. Conclusion To summarize, overseas M&A is an effective way for Chinese enterprises to realize the hyper-normal development in global markets. But every opportunity could also be seen as a crisis and vice versa. It is a cake or a trap merely depends on what areis our choices. Friendly market, clear strategy, efficient management and proper communication may bring you a bright perspectives while hostile surrounding, blind expansion, poor administration and cultural conflict could catch usyou in a deep traps. For the better preparation to survive international M&A competitions, it is high time for Chinese enterprises to sum up the successful experiences and to learn from the costly lessons. If this article could provide some advisable suggestions on this topic, it would be my greatest pleasure.

Using deductive and inductive logic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Using deductive and inductive logic - Essay Example cision maker as the projection of informed consent -- the competent patient makes a â€Å"living will.† Also, this paper claims that people have the right to die and that their living will is constant throughout. The decision of the surrogate decision maker is also similar to the decision of the incompetent patient; the idea centers on the scope of time: past and present. The choice from the past is still the choice of the present considering the principle of informed consent. It is debatable to say that a person’s decision changes over time, especially when that person expressed it in writing. The living will is a written form of the patient’s explicit declaration concerning his or her thoughts of an ideal life or death. The contents of the living will are true and valid for all time when the physically and mentally competent patient makes one. Humans can choose either life or death especially when one is at the verge of utter helplessness. Life as we know it directly springs from humans; and to exercise mercy killing or suicide per se sounds fairly human. A physically incompetent person, for instance, is better off than live a life not far similar to death; he or she is alive via the brain’s electrical activities but dead via the immobile physical body. A living dead, so to speak, is a horrible human condition. Therefore, the practice of physician-assisted suicide to an incompetent patient is perfectly human. The right to die is an inalienable and human right. Nobody can take one’s life but himself or herself. One’s life and one’s body is one’s own. It is the prerogative of the individual who owns that body/life on when and how he or she wants to die. Death is sweet when the ideal life appears to be impossible to attain or is not attained. People have the right to die like their right to life. Death is the last option when life seems to be not the kind of life one perceives it; for in death, there is life as well. A terminally-ill patient should

Parameters of Persuasive Writing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parameters of Persuasive Writing - Case Study Example The defendant, Mr. Ronald Riff, is innocent. The unfortunate incidents leading to his arrest must be verified. We will present our witnesses and evidences to prove that Mr. Riff has been wrongly accused of burglary. He never stole the money from Marquette's Market and we will prove that he obtained the money from the lawful winnings at Red's Pleasure Palace, a gambling joint. He did not have any reason to break into Marquette's Market. We have proved that Mr. Ronald Riff left Red's Pleasure Palace, a gambling establishment, on Devotion Avenue in Midtown, just after 12.00 A.M. Between 12.05 A.M. and 12.10 A.M. he stopped at Rusty Fender Body Shop from where he stole a hammer. He used this hammer to gain entry to Marquette's Market by smashing the lock on the alley entrance of the store. There is no other extraneous reason for the store to be broken into. Having obtained $910 from the store's cash register, he made his exit from the rear, discarded the stolen hammer in the side alley between Marquette's Market and Art Own's Hardware. He then ran home and was seen by Soapy Waters who also saw the accused drop $2 of the stolen money and Betty Biddy who saw him throw away the money bag. The stolen amount included a Canadian $5 bill. The motive for the crime has been the guitar. Mr. C. Sharp, owner of the music store from where Mr. Riff purchased the guitar, had warned the latter that he would cancel the purchase and return the deposit amount of $100 if Mr. Riff did not pay up the balance amount of $875 within a week's time. The morning after the burglary was committed happened to be the last day of this week. This does not seem to be coincidence. This is the result of a pre-meditated crime. Only the accused did not consider the events before and after crime. We have looked into these events and made our case sound and foolproof (Curran, Pat & Strauch, Gary). This happens to be an open-and-shut case. We have shown that the amount of monies won by Mr. Ronald Riff at Red's Pleasure Palace was too frugal to meet the balance cost of the guitar. We have also calculated the sequence of events from the time he left Marquette's Market to the time he

Harrods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Harrods - Research Paper Example Graphs illustrated and explained in the report gives a clear idea about the position of Harrods in the market as compared to its competitors. Secondary research is conducted using credible industry sources such as Market Researech.com, Hoover’s, Harrods website, and other online database. Company Overview Harrods is a luxurious, high-end retailer, founded in London in 1834 and possess a rich heritage and history that makes them the world’s most famous department store (Harrods). The department store is situated on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England, being the one of the largest department stores in the world (store occupying 4.5acre and selling space over one million square feet across over 330 departments). As Mahoney points out, Harrods is the second-biggest store and offering an extensive section of products, a world-class shopping experience and greater customer service. The Harrods brand also stands for other business undertaken by the company which in cludes Harrods Bank, Harrods Aviation, Air Harrods and Harrods Estates. The Harrods group of companies holds its motto â€Å"Omnia Omnibus Ubique – All things for All People Everywhere† (Harrods). Though operating only in London, it has become an international retail icon with superior brand responsiveness among global consumers. History shows that the firm has gone beyond being a high-quality branded store and product designer to a fashionable society, a status icon for celebrities and commoners equally. The store faces about 300,000 customers visiting during peak days, and has a workforce of 5000 employees from more than fifty different countries. The Harrods Ltd. was sold to Qatar Holding LLC for $ 2.2 billion in 2010. The products sold through the firm’s brand ranges across women’s and men’s wear, children’s products and toys, wine and spirits, kitchen products and appliances, beauty products, bags, and accessories. Company process Reven ue: - The lion’s part of Harrods’ revenues comes from its luxury retail division operating at Knightsbridge location. The rest come from the divisions at Heathrow and Gatwick airports and from its four subsidiaries, namely, Harrods Bank, Harrods Aviation, Air Harrods and Harrods Estates. Cost: - The Costs of the company include (i) Costs of Goods Sold, (ii) Marketing and Advertising, and (iii) Other Operating Costs. The costs of goods sold include purchase of inventory, storing costs, store construction and maintenance, transportation and shipment, and other administrative expenses. The marketing and advertising costs include all the expenses incurred by the company with regard to the promotional purpose through print or audiovisual media. And other operating costs include all other expenses borne by the business while functioning. Financial Analysis Nicolini, Papaioannou, Rasheed & Subject report that on peak days Harrods receives over 300,000 customers and during sal e events, the firm takes in about $1.813 million every hour. Since the firm possesses strong brand awareness in the UK market, it does not give importance to funding on traditional methods of brand advertising or using print or news media as their public association can take the role of buzzing about the firm. Though not affected by the recent meltdown in financial markets, financial analysts forecast its future impacts on the consumer behavior and ultimately on the market. As Graham reports, the Managing director

Application of Implementing QMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Application of Implementing QMS - Essay Example Quality excellence awards across different countries can be briefed as; Europe- EFQM Excellence Model is used to determine the receiver of European Quality Award, USA- , Baldrige National Quality award is given to companies who have exceptionally performed when it comes to ensuring quality, Australia- Australian Business Excellence Awards is given to companies performed exceptionally well to improve quality of production. Research findings of various research scholars such as Van der Wiele et al. (2001) shows that quality management system or quality excellence awards emphasizes on large set quality dimensions such as risk management, ensuring diversity, performing social responsibility, sustainability of the process, resource management, environmental safety, service delivery to customers, knowledge management, good governance etc. Valls and Vergueiro (2006) defined four types of benefits which can be achieved by implementing QMS or achieving quality excellence awards such as better customer service, reduction of error in process modelling, better financial result in terms of increase both in top line & bottom line growth and enhanced learning from environment. Meeting the 8 quality criteria mentioned by ISO can also help a firm to earn excellence award, these criteria can be summarized as; 1- Customer focus- meeting or exceeding customer requirement, 2- Leadership- engaging employees and participants in internal environment to ensure quality, 3- People- optimal utilization of human resources in order to ensure 100% involvement from them, 4- Process- optimal utilization of resources in order to improve the process flow, 5- System Approach- identification and control of interrelated processes, 6- Continual Improvement- continual growth and learning of the organization, 7- Factual Decision- taking decision on the basis of facts and information and 8- Mutually Beneficial Relationship- providing benefits to suppliers and other important stakeholders (ISO, 2012). A s the study is narrowing its scope from general quality management system to quality assurance and excellence award in transportation field hence the study has decided to consider the case of Transport Certification Australia (TCA) as basal plane in the paper. Transport Certification Australia (TCA) - Overview Transport Certification Australia Limited (TCA) is founded by government agencies, territory and Australian government and representing states (Transport Certification Australia, 2013a). The company works under the Corporations Act (Cth) regulation and serves as quality assurance organization in the field of transportation in Australia. Vision TCA has the vision to serve as a leader in the field of quality advice to transportation agencies, providing accreditation & administrator services in order to improve mobility with the means of sensor solution, communication and information integration. Transport Certification Australia Limited provides the quality assurance to users wi th the help of its quality management system which specializes in identifying, delivering and deploying quality mechanism (Transport Certification Australia, 2013a). Mission When it comes to formulating a formidable and sustainable mission statement, TCA emphasizes on three verticals such as identifying quality needs, delivering quality assurance

Ground Response and Seismic Slope Stability Coursework

Ground Response and Seismic Slope Stability - Coursework Example In this report, two parts are considered. In the first part, a ground response analysis for two sites is run while the second part proposes possible design accelerations on basis of the analysis in designing of an embankment structure that will support the proposed roadway. Both of the proposed sites are located in Jamaica. With regard to ground response analysis, edushake analysis program is made use and the results obtained are as displayed in the various tables displayed throughout this report. The input data used are as provided in the coursework materials while the thickness is obtained through calculation of the difference between the depths. A table from the web forms the basis of assumptions made with regard to respective soil’s unit weight. Each soil type has its respective stress (), pore pressure (u) as well as effective stress (’) associated with it (Bhandari and Sharma, 2001). Two equations, one for sand and the second one for clay are used in in calculatio n of maximum shear stress based on the literature from the book of Steven Kramer’s. ... Width of crest: 15m Height of embankment: 11m Traffic loading surcharge: 15kPa Design PHA (horizontal acceleration): 0.3500g from the ground response analysis 0.3500g from the ground response analysis 0 The embankment is designed using a 1.56 safety factor to facilitate long term and short term stability. With the help of STB2010, the embankment’s parameters were generated using the ordinary method of slices also referred to as Fellenius method for static and seismic stability analysis. The necessary soil characteristics are provided in the table below: Drained strength with strength parameters: c’=0kPa and Ã'„=25? Unit weight of water: ?w = 9.81kN/m2 Undrained strength: c’=85kPa Unit weight of placed material: ? = 20kN/m2 It should be noted that the water table is located at the toe of the embankment. All the assumptions and calculations for the design of the embankment are shown from the Figure 3.1 to the next page. The data as provided in the spreadsheet is as shown below: Basing the divisions on four slices, the ordinary method of slices for design of embankments for drained as well as undrained soil is used. The initial embankment was generated based on the six slices. Consequently, an angle (?) was established in the middle of each slice at the horizontal’s base after which sin (?) and cos (?) were obtained. The equation given below was used in evaluation of the length of each individual slice: The height was measured from the middle of each slice. Additionally, the height (hw) was measured from the middle base of each slice to the point of the water table after which the pore pressure at the base of the slice base was calculated based

Budget Management Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Budget Management Analysis - Research Paper Example Budget development is a process that encompasses information and fact gathering, making reasonable future assumption in term of revenue expected and cost to be incurred, and it also need to be timely and have high accuracy and need to be approved and reviewed since it forms the basis of undertakings in an organization (MacEwan, 2009). Information and facts that form the basis of operating budget need to be gathered, this information may be obtained from stake holder also from past periods budgets and then this information should be linked to goals and priorities of organization in harmony with financial and budgeting policies of an organization (MacEwan, 2009). With reference to financial and budget guideline of organization, forecasted expenses taking into fixed and variable cost and revenue estimated including the assumption made are formally documented in an authentic format, and projection in financial terms are reflected. (MacEwan, 2009). At this phase, one needs to be realistic when formulating assumption. This phase involves finalizing detail of the budget in preparation for the purpose of presentation and official approval of the budget. Budget should be organized during the presentation, and one should be ready to answer the question that arise, new adjustment that arise during presentation should be incorporated in the final draft and then communication of the budget approval within organization (MacEwan, 2009). This phase of development of the operating budget involve demining if an organization is running on track in regard to the approved budget, review of variance and determining significant variance reasons is done, also is at this stage of the operating budget collective action from emerging variance may be taken if need be, (MacEwan, 2009) and preparation of information to be used in the next budget start since budgeting is a cyclic process. Expense result in regard to budget expectation give rise to variance, which is the

Promote Professional Development Essay Example for Free

Promote Professional Development Essay 1.1It is very important to always continue learning and training as this will always give good practice,this can be done through training courses, when starting with the company we all undertake mandatory training and this will be followed up by refreshing each course yearly or as and when needed, staffs in their supervision will be asked if they would like to take up and advanced courses and also we would also discuss about what training needs to be refreshed. Staffs also need to have a good understanding as to why they are taking the training course and how it will benefit them. 1.2When doing any type off training we will always come up against barriers this could be anything from getting time to fit the training in amongst our busy work schedule some staff do a varied shift pattern/family life/money/resources so when looking at training we need to look at the best way to do this and the way the training will be carried out, We need to ensure that staffs will turn up to do the training which has been planned and that it will be easy for them to get to the training as some training can be far away and not easy to attend. Staffs can be put off by the training if they are not familiar with the surroundings where they are attending. 1.3When taking up any kind of professional development we need to look at the best way to do this and how the organisation will support us, training could be done on the internet but then we need to look at the resources needed for example computers/printer/internet connection/a good quiet room/office to be able to sit down and do the training ,we would also have to look at the books that would be of use and available to the studies, if taking up in house or external training we could use mentors or a buddy scheme to work beside the member off staff this will be a very good way to support staff while they are doing their training and will encourage them along their way, and support them this is very reassuring for the person when stepping out of their comfort zone as many people feel uncomfortable when taking up any type of training courses. 1.4We need to look at what is revelant when doing training and is it really needed who will need to do it and where it will be done, Do we have the resources do we have the money, how we will implement the course, at the same time we need to think on the positive side and if the training is for good practice them it should be funded and all staff should carry it out as this will promote good practice and knowledge, it is always important to keep up to speed with the changes that are taking place, as times are always changing. 2.1As a manager it is good to evaluate my own knowledge and keep up to date with good practice this would be by keeping up with monthly supervisions/appraisals also to keep in touch with me superior and up to speed with the changes going on within the company and the outside, policy and procedures must always be updated and kept, sometimes keeping on top off all the daily/weekly/monthly paper work can be a real challenge as we all have very busy work schedules and things like policy and procedures are changing all the time and rules and regulations are also changing organisations paper work can be very challenging as this must be kept up to date. 2.2 We need to look at our personal development and how we can prioritise to develop our skills and knowledge and to work by the standards expected of us, we need to think as to where we want to be and how far we can push ourselves to work at best practice , This can be done by talking with our line manager and discussing what training we would like and also discuss further development within our job role or promotion within the company, we have to belief in ourselves and our values to be able to promote the best practice and give our best service so progression is always good. 3.1When we look at taking/or applying any kind of training we need to look at the bigger picture we need to look at our staff individualy and look at the best way for them to be able to progress and develop, some workers could have a language barrier so we would need to address this when applying personal development, this could be by sending them on a language course or it could be a case of a using a visual way of learning. 3.2S W A T analysis is a good tool for looking at our organisations strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats. Even as an employee this can be a good tool to use and asses a person and their needs, We can also use supervision/appraisals to look at an individuals development plan, and how this could be looked at, This would be able to keep us on tract and keep regular meeting to discuss the progress and development of that member off staff and to see as to what training or development they would require and help and support that they would need. 3.3Within supervision we could look at how the person was progressing and how they were achieving their goals was they getting on ok with their challenges or would they need more support, a mentor or a colleague/manager to support them and to maybe guide them. This could be a good way of monitoring their progress and also help them to be more confident within their challenges. 4.1There are many different learning styles that we can look at to reflect good practice, David A Kolb is a professor of organizational behaviour, Reflective observation: reflecting on the event or experience . what went well ? . what did not go well ? . Did anything unexpected occur ? . How do u feel about the experience now ? Professor Graham Gibbs broke reflective process down in clear stages . description of the situation . analysis of the situation . evaluation of the experience . analysis to make sense of the situation . conclusion where other options are considered . Action plan for future learning and development plan. Professor Chris Johns model breaks down the reflective process down into 5 key stages . Reflection . influencing factors . Evaluation . Learning . The reflective account provides evidence for (list which units will meet) 4.2It is good to use reflective practice to improve performance because it enables us to write effectively to complete our qualification, one of the common problems with reflective writing is that it can be overly descriptive and lacking analysis. 4.3It is always good to have someone else look at your work to see if there is anything they can see that you have missed or to maybe even make suggestions to you that you might have passed by or even suggest to you another way of working to help improve you performance, two heads are better than one. 4.4Practice has been improved by reflection of good practice by using tape recordings, documenting achievements and mistakes we learn by our mistakes so its always good to hear negative feedback so we can look at what we have done wrong and correct this this gives us time to reflect on good and bad practice.

Pathophysiology of Huntington Disease

Pathophysiology of Huntington Disease George Huntington first described Huntington Disease in 1872 as coming on gradually but surely, increasing by degrees, and often occupying years in its development until the hapless sufferer is but a quivering wreck of his former self (Visser, 2010). Huntington disease is an inherited genetic disorder, which causes the progressive degeneration of selected nerve cells in the brain. This degeneration of nerve cells results in impairment of both mental capability and physical control which results in death (Visser, 2010). This essay will look at the pathophysiology of Huntington disease in relation to the possible signs and symptoms. While also identifying the risk factors and examining the relevant tests available with regards to screening, diagnosing and monitoring treatment within New Zealand. It will then further explore the treatment options available in New Zealand and treatment developments worldwide. Pathophysiology of Huntington disease in relation to signs and symptoms Huntington disease is caused by a genetic fault in a small section located on chromosome 4, which encodes a protein called Huntington (Porth, 2011). However, the function of the Huntington protein is still unknown, yet this protein appears to be important to neurons in the brain (Visser, 2010). This genetic fault results in a segment of DNA, known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat, this segment of DNA is made up of a series of DNA building blocks cytosine, adenine and guanine that appear multiple times in a row (Visser, 2010). The normal copy of this gene contains 6 to 35 copies of the trinucleotide repeat, compared to the faulty gene which contains 40 to 120 copies of the trinucleotide repeat resulting in this gene producing an expansion of Huntington’s gene (Porth, 2011). The larger number of trinucleotide repeats is generally associated with an earlier onset of Huntington’s’ disease. This is shown as adults with Huntington’s disease generally have 40-50 tri nucleotide repeats where people with the juvenile form of this disorder tend to have more than 50 trinucleotide repeats (Visser, 2010). Also, Visser (2010) suggests that due to the elongation of the CAG trinucleotide segment, the segment gains a toxic function that disrupts the normal function of neurons and eventually leads to the death of neurons. Cells are known as building blocks of life that use energy to carry out biological functions, while also producing oxidants that can potentially damage themselves; Yet, these cells can make such chemicals harmless (Visser, 2010). Current studies suggests that the protein Huntington somehow prevents the brain cells from protecting themselves against the toxic chemicals which results in Huntington’s disease causing the localized death of brain and spinal cord cells (Porth, 2011). Basal ganglia are the first neurons to be affected by Huntington disease; these neurons are associated with a variety of functions that modulate motor movements, emotions, cognitive and learning abilities (Porth, 2011). Therefore the deteriation of basal ganglia results in many symptoms which commonly occur around 35 and 55 years of age, however these symptoms will progressively get worse which results in the individual passing away in around 10-20 years (Porth, 2011). There are early signs and symptoms of Huntington disease which include uncontrolled muscular movements, memory problems and mood changes (Visser, 2010). Yet, these symptoms quickly develop into serious motor impairment conditions such as eye movement disorders, spasticity, dysphagia, dysarthria, myoclonus, and the main impairment chorea which involves rapid, jerking movements that the individual has no control over (Porth, 2011). As Huntington disease develops it results in a cognitive decline, mental slowing which is the inability to remember people and to make decisions for oneself (Porth, 2011). This can all eventually lead to dementia. There are many factors that influence behavioural symptoms which include stress about the disease, family relationships, and as the pathways through the basal ganglia become disconnected which results in a loss of frontal lobe functions (Visser, 2010). The major behavioural symptom is depression with 30% of individuals with Huntington disease exper iencing major depressive or dysthymic disorders and 6% resulting in suicide (Porth, 2011). Other behavioural symptoms such as personality changes results in the individual appearing to have no interest in life or the individual having increased anger and irritability which further links to impulsive actions and violence, these actions can cause stress in relationships between family members (Visser, 2010). Risk Factors of Huntington disease Everyone receives two copies of each gene which are singularly known as alleles, one from each parent, that are present in all cells of the body (Lemiere, 2004). Therefore most individuals are born with two normal copies of each allele (Lemiere, 2004). However in the case of hereditary disorders specifically Huntington’s disease, an individual is born with one normal gene and a gene defect which is called a mutation (Lemiere, 2004). Huntington disease has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern which means that a child of a parent who carries the mutation has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation (Frank, 2014). If the child inherits the mutation the child will develop Huntington’s disease some point in the individual’s life, and can also pass it on to their children. But if the individual does not inherit the mutation then they cannot pass it on to their children (Frank, 2014). Yet, there are also rare cases where individuals develop Huntington’s disea se, without a family history of the condition (Visser, 2010). This generally happens because of a genetic mutation during the father’s sperm development (Visser, 2010). However, there is a process where fertilized embryos can be tested for Huntington’s disease prior to the embryos being implanted within a mother’s womb called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (Christian, 2007). This technique allows the parent that carries the Huntington’s disease to avoid passing the genetic condition to their children (Christian, 2007). Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is completed through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) where the mother’s egg is fertilized with the father’s sperm outside the body (Christian, 2007). The eggs then develop into embryos, after three days of being cultured in the laboratory the technique of embryo biopsy is performed, this test checks the embryo for the Huntington’s disease and therefore all the embryos are then implanted back into the mother (Christian, 2007). New Zealand has been ethically approved for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis however this is only under special circumstances (Chris tian, 2007). The government only funds pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for 40 couples a year with one single attempt at pregnancy; this funding includes all serious genetic conditions (Christian, 2007). Relevant diagnostic, screening and monitoring tests in New Zealand Genetic tests are an example of a diagnostic as it is a procedure performed that establishes if an individual has the presence or absence of Huntington’s disease (Lyon, 2013). Individuals that have symptomatic symptoms of Huntington’s disease may be recommended by health care professionals to undertake a genetic test for the faulty Huntington gene (Visser, 2010). However, there is also predictive DNA testing which is for asymptomatic individuals with a 50% chance of developing Huntington’s disease, these individuals are tested to see if they will be affected or not by the faulty gene in adulthood (Visser, 2010). Both of these genetic tests are accomplished in the same way and can be done in Auckland laboratory (Lyon, 2013). Genetic testing is done by DNA being extracted from the individual’s blood sample, and then the DNA being purified (Lyon, 2013). A technique called polymerase chain reaction is then implicated to locate the two Huntington genes, once fo und millions of exact copies are made for further analysis (Lyon, 2013). This further analysing is when the DNA is sorted by size to determine the number of CAG repeats in each gene. The three outcomes to the test are based on the CAG repeats (Lyon, 2013). If an individual receives a negative test it means the CAG repeat size is 30 or less and therefore the individual is not at risk of developing Huntingtons disease, but if an individual receives a positive test it means the CAG repeat size is 40 or more and the individual will develop Huntington’s disease generally in adulthood (Lyon, 2013). However if an individual receives uninformative it mean the CAG repeat is in the immediate range between 31-39 and is unclear if the individual will develop Huntington’s disease (Lyon, 2013). Other tests available are known as screening this is where a series of tests are used to predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk (Lemiere, 2004). These tests include neurological examinations, along with structural and functional imaging. Neurological examinations are performed by a neurologist, which intensively interviews an individual to obtain the medical history and rule out other possible medical conditions (Lemiere, 2004). Some key aspects neurologists use to identify Huntington’s disease include taking a family history as Huntington disease is an inherited disorder and taking note of reflexes, muscle strength and eye movements as some of the earliest manifestations of the disease are â€Å"subtle chorea, eye movement and fine motor abnormalities† (Lemiere, 2004). However, Lemiere (2004) suggests that the Huntington gene defect may influence brain function and behaviour during asymptomatic years, this research has been conducted using presymptomati c individuals who have a positive gene defect. These individuals had a volume reduction of â€Å"30.9% for the caudate, 29.3% for the globus pallidus and 25.7% for the putamen† (Lemiere, 2004) compared to individuals with a negative gene defect from offspring of Huntington disease patients (Lemiere, 2004). This research shows that the decline of basal ganglia occurs gradually before the onset of Huntington disease symptoms (Lemiere, 2004). Therefore healthcare professionals can use MRI and CT scans of the brain to help determine if patients have Huntington’s disease (Lemiere, 2004). The monitoring of treatment is extremely important in Huntington’s disease and dependently relies on the motor, behavioural and cognitive aspects of the individual (Frank, 2014). After the onset of Huntington disease the individuals’ functional abilities gradually worsen over time due to the Huntington gene mutation that causes a localized death of neurons which helped to regulate the motor movements, emotional and cognitive abilities (Frank, 2014). The loss of these abilities requires the individual to seek help for all activities of daily care, yet later in the disease the individual will be confined to a bed with the inability to speak (Frank, 2014). This gradual decline of the individuals’ condition makes it important for health care professional to monitor the individuals’ treatments and adjust the treatment accordingly to the disease progress (Frank, 2014). Further, the drugs used in treatment of Huntington’s disease has the potential to cause significant side effects that can worsen symptoms of the disease (Frank, 2014). Therefore it is critically important for health care professionals to monitor the risk- benefit ratio effect the treatment has on an individual (Frank, 2014). Treatment available in New Zealand and further treatment developments worldwide Currently, there is no cure for Huntington disease, but medications, psychotherapy, speech and physical therapy can be implemented to help minimize symptoms while also allowing the individual to adapt to their condition (Frank, 2014). Medications to help treat movement disorders in New Zealand include Xenazine this medication helps to suppress chorea, but has possible side effects of aggravating depression (Frank, 2014). Also, the use of certain antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol and clozapine can help alleviate choreic movements and further controlling hallucinations and violent outbursts, but the possible side effects can worsen dystonia and muscle rigidity (Frank, 2014). Due to the loss of frontal lobe functions as an effect of the disease, there needs to be increased psychiatric support for individuals with Huntington’s disease (Visser, 2010). This support can come from medications that support depression such as antidepressants which include fluoxetine, sertraline and esctislopram (Frank, 2014). This treatment of depression can further help to improve the symptoms of sleep disturbance, social withdrawal and lack of interest in general life (Frank, 2014). However, using antidepressants can include the side effects of insomnia, diarrhoea, nausea and sexual problems (Frank, 2014). Other medications to help individuals can be antipsychotic and mood stabilizing drugs which help to supress violent outbursts, highs and low mood swings, the common side effects of these medications include weight gain, tremor and gastrointestinal problems (Frank, 2014). Psychologists can provide talking therapy for an individual with Huntington disease, this therapy allows the individual to understanding the conditions effects, while further discussing the problems and feeling the individual has (Frank, 2014). Such problems the individual could be concerned about are talking, eating and swallowing this is because Huntington disease impairs the control of muscles of the mouth and throat (Frank, 2014). A speech therapist can address these issues and improve the individual’s ability of communication by implementation communication devices (Frank, 2014). Physical therapy is also an important part of Huntington disease as the exercises provide help improve strength, balance and coordination, which further results in the individual maintain mobility for as long as possible and minimizing the possible falls (Frank, 2014). Even though there is no treatment the research field is still dynamic there are a high number of on-going or recently completed studies in relation to Huntington disease (Frank, 2014). Also, in the USA there has been a break through approach called gene-silencing (Carrol, 2013). This approach relies on the fact that DNA is not directly copied from the protein, but is made up from a chemical RNA first; this RNA message is chopped up and thereby stops the cell making the Huntington protein (Carrol, 2013). Although this approach does not stop the individual from carrying the Huntington disease and, therefore the individual can still pass the gene on, this approach stops making the protein that attacks the brain cells (Carrol, 2013). Another breakthrough development happened in the UK this is of a tool called CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that targets and cuts out specific small pieces of RNA (Carrol, 2013). This tool is used in the approach genome ed iting. This approach is different to gene silencing as it corrects the defect, which results in the individual not having the genetic defect and therefore produce babies without Huntington disease (Carrol, 2013).

Ava DuVernays Documentary: 13th, an Analysis

Ava DuVernays Documentary: 13th, an Analysis 13th Documentary Close Reading Analysis In the mid-1960s, Malcolm X said, If you stick a knife nine inches into my back and pull it out three inches, that it not progress. Even if you pull it all the way out, that is not progress. Progress is healing the wound, and America hasnt even begun to pull out the knife. And, to this day, Malcolm Xs words are just as salient and prophetic as they were during the Civil Rights Era. The exigent problem that American society recognizes but refuses to acknowledge is that black people have and continue to be excluded from the so-called white American humanity. Some Americans could argue that the 13th amendment left an encouraging and indelible impression on the racial fabric of American society. There is a historical and prevalent notion that America prides and extols herself in her pursuit for equality and justice. Furthermore, America worships herself on the alters of democracy, justice and equality. American patriots said that black people should be grateful for the 13th amendment. Bu t, the problem, like an ominous shadow, remains. American patriots said that they acknowledged the error of their ways and consequently conferred former black slaves with the 14th and 15th amendments; yet, the exigent issue remains. American patriots told black people to show some gratitude for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and yet, the problem akin to an individual who tirelessly struggles to extricate himself from the invisible shackles, remains. Though some could argue that the passing of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 reflect the racial progress of America, I would argue that these same laws that sought to include black people into humanity reflects white American societys estrangement and vehement opposition towards humanity. Furthermore, these amendments have also represented the painful struggle of black peoples quest to become legally human. In Ava DuVernays documentary, 13th, the use of storytelling is used to accent the reality that th e legacies of the 13th amendment and slavery are still very visible in black communities. The storytelling in the documentary is didactic in form, and this didacticism is ultimately used to expose the reality that the further white America runs from the truth, the sooner the truth will find her. The use of storytelling in the DuVernays documentary is used to illustrate the legacies of slavery and the 13th amendment. According to the documentary, from Nixons time as president to the present, the war on drugs has become more insidious and more lethal. During his presidency, Nixon tacitly said that the black population was a menace to society. Thus, Nixon created a system that exclusively targeted black people without explicitly expressing the underlying motivations and inspiration of an unjust criminal system. Instead of a war on black people, Nixon proposed a war on drugs. During Regans presidency, the war on drugs was consecrated. Throughout time, this war on drugs became more insidious and was born and reborn throughout various presidencies. To this day, the war on drugs is a war on black people. However, the primary users of illegal drugs are middle-class white people (Knafo, 2013). Interestingly, Americas illegal drug trade is a $151 billion-dollar industry (Knafo, 2013). Given the poverty and structural inequality in black communities, black people from urban settings such as the south side of Chicago, East Orange, New Jersey, or Compton, California are not the primary beneficiaries of this prominent industry. Through this, we witness the way state and federal governments use drugs to imprison black people. In turn, black peoples imprisonment has become a private venture. However, this is not a novel occurrence. There have been historical primordial forces that have contributed to the current racial inequalities and criminal injustices. Many American patriots view the 13th amendment as one of the most significant milestones in the history of America. Though the 13th amendment seemingly established all former slaves to legal human status, there was a caveat in the clause: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or place subject to their jurisdiction (DuVernay, 2016). In essence, slavery was illegal except for those who committed a criminal offense, which means a black person can be re-enslaved. Before the 13th Amendment, most convicts in prisons were white people. However, after the 13th amendment, most prisoners were black people. In addition, these former slaves were imprisoned and fined for petty theft, vagabondage and lack of keeping a steady job (DuVernay). If black people could not pay the fines, some were sold to mining and timber companies whilst others were sold back to the southern plantations that they worked on before the passing of the 13th Amendment. Under the convict lease program, prisoners were forced to work in deplorable conditions and many convicts died from disease and abuse. In time, the convict lease program gave birth to chain gangs, in which black prisoners were chained together whilst undergoing laborious and menial work, effectively reinforcing and perpetrating the enslavement o f black males (Slavery by Another Name, PBS). During the 1950s, American society gradually illegalized chain gangs (Slavery by Another Name, PBS). Thus, American society forgot of the criminal injustices of the ancient past. The role of storytelling can be used to look at the current war on drugs and reflect on its historical utility in assuaging the conscience of white America. According to the documentary, the imprisonment sentence for the possession of crack cocaine is approximately 100 times more grievous than the sentence for the possession of powdered cocaine. Not only does the use of storytelling reveal the lineage of the 13th amendment, from convict leasing, to chain gangs, and ultimately to the epidemic of the prison industrial complex, but it also reveals that the legacies of slavery and the 13th amendment are still very visible in black communities today. In the documentary, the storytelling is didactic in form. Through this narrative storytelling, it seeks to re-educate American society, and challenge white Americas notions of democracy, justice and equality. Malcom X aptly said, History is a peoples memory, and without memory, man is demoted to the lower animals. I would argue that the didactic nature of the storytelling serves not only to educate, but to challenge white America. Furthermore, the instructive lessons of history that are characterized in this storytelling serves as a plea for America to wake up, and for America to claim the humanity that it has historically abandoned. In the early 1900s, it was common for southern whites to imprison black people in zoos for the general publics entertainment and satisfaction (ABS Staff). In addition, mothers would pull their children out of school to witness the exhibition of black mothers, fathers and small children in zoos. The exhibition of black people in zoos was a deliberate acti on in characterizing black people as members of a criminal, savage, and suspicious race. In essence, these human zoo exhibitions sought to represent black people as innately primitive, brutish and uncivilized. Though, some may now say that we do not commit such unspeakable atrocities, I would argue that the past informs the present. In the documentary, contributors described the media promotion of imprisoned black people as innately primitive, unhinged, amoral, and dehumanized beings. Though, we may not throw bread crumbs to African-American male prisoners, we still throw proverbial bread crumbs, when the media exploits black males humanities.   With the use of didacticism in storytelling, the narrative presented in the story seeks to re-educate, eradicate the amnesia of American society, and ultimately reveal the haunting reality: the further white America runs from truth, the sooner it will find her. In Ava Duverneys documentary, 13th, the use of storytelling is used to accent the reality that the legacies of the 13th amendment and slavery are still very visible in black communities. The storytelling in the documentary is didactic in form, and this didacticism is ultimately used to expose the reality that the further America runs from truth the sooner it finds her. In both content and form, this documentary sought to educate, inspire, confront, challenge, and expose the legacies of the 13th amendment in hopes that white American society will begin to humanize herself. Works Cited 13th. Dir. Ava   DuVernay. 13th. Netflix, 7 Oct. 2016. Web. 12 Mar. 2017. Chain Gangs. PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Knafo, Saki. When It Comes To Illegal Drug Use, White America Does The Crime, Black America Gets The Time. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Staff, ABS. 13 Shameful Pictures of Europeans Placing African People in Human Zoos. Atlanta Black Star. N.p., 29 Dec. 2016. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Ryanair: Porters Five Forces Ryanair: Porters Five Forces Ryanair, is Europes first and largest low fares airline. It was founded in 1985, set up by the Ryan family, with 2 aircrafts, 51 staff and 1 flight route from Waterford in the southeast of Ireland to London Gatwick daily. The vision of Ryanair start as no frills brand, low fares flight, raise ancillary revenue and finally to be no fares flight if available. Ryanairs objective is become the leader of the Europes low-fares airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of low-fares passenger service. It aims to offer low fares to attract and queue up the passenger during the aircraft maintenance checking to ensure cost-containment and operating efficiencies for shorten the turnaround time. Nowadays, Ryanair own uniformed fleet of Boeing NG 737-800s in total of 210, hired 7200 staff and 150 destination points within 26 countries. The passenger traffic grew to about 65,300,000 passengers a year, it hold 28.67% of the entire passenger in the European Low Fares Airline Association (ELFAA). Ryanair had listed at the first place, as the champion airline with the most passengers in Europe which provide low fare short-haul travel. The low fare strategy provide Ryanair a shortcut to raise the profit and ancillary revenue, it made Ryanair kept success in the future. This is the reason that Ryanair has been so successful thus far. Five Forces analysis Threat of entry Ryanair is a well-known low-fares airline in Europe since 1985 and it was a strong airline brand. If there have any potential new entrants get into the airline industry market, they may need to outlay a large amount of advertising fee to compete on Ryanairs battleground, the European airline industry. Ryanair after setup the online booking and reservation system Skylights, it has heavily promoted its website through newspaper, radio and television advertising, there have been savings the marketing and distribution costs. Competitive rivalry Ryanair has an advantage over other rival airlines, no-frills and low-fares are the company policy. It expanding the short-haul flight routes, using point-to-point strategy and shorten the flight turnarounds to reduce the cost outlay. However, other airlines compete in cost increasing competition, for the more price sensitive customers with high customers benefit, using price wars between rival airlines. At the low price airlines, EasyJet is one of the competitor, but not really compete with Ryanair. The aim of the competitive rivalry is the threat to lead for sales decline. Bargaining power of Suppliers For an airline, suppliers are mainly limited to the aeroplane and fuel supply. Ryanair had made very good relationship to its unique aeroplane suppliers, Boeing. Ryanair made a large volume contract with Boeing within the economic downturn at 2002 while other airlines on hold the aircraft purchase, and Boeing need to provide up to 150 of 737-800 type aircraft for Ryanair. In addition, Boeing also provides various ancillary products, spare parts support and technical support for Ryanair. By the expanding to the aircraft, Ryanair can expand more destinations in Europe and provide low-fare ticket to the passengers, this make Ryanair become the youngest carrier in Europe and listed as second largest airlines worldwide which behind the Southwest airline. The fuel price is governed by world trade and fuel market dominated by the Middle Eastern countries. Ryanair was dependent on hedging, based on educated guessing for the fuel, to meet its low-fares policy. Bargaining power of buyers In airline industry, there have standardized product, flexible demand, airline brand and the service quality for consumers to determine and concern. Ryanair sold the flight ticket for customers through its website online system, this is the main reason can provide competitive price which in the industry level. Threat of substitute In continental Europe, it offers an excellent railway trains which connected to the major cities that Ryanair can fly to, but the train ticket is very expensive than Ryanair and also need to endure a longer journey. The second choice is driving car travel from place to place, but it is also time consuming than Ryanair and may meet lots of road problems and hassles. And the last one, it should be the video conference, this is not a kind of transport service, it is global communication technology which solves the travel time and timing problem for the meeting and dealing agreement via web-camera, computer and internet network. It should be much cheaper than Ryanair and most convenience for Business Corporation. PESTEL analysis (P)olitical There was political stability in the countries inside Europe, it attracts more people to travel within Europe and feel safety. Middle East OPEC had a political force for the fuel oil. European Union (EU) had expansion to 27 countries, and abolished the duty-free sales, this encourage Ryanair plan to open new flight routes to gain profits and raise ancillary revenue. The impact of political factors was low. (E)conomical The market which outside the Europe was undeveloped, their market and the countries economies was non-stable. Most of the Europe countries had joined into the EU, the economies and consumers was stable and growth. However, the fuel price had kept increase on a high price level, depreciation of US dollars make inflation in US economy and affected other countries currencies. In case, Ryanair can gain lot of regional subsidies to solve the high fuel price. In Europe, some countries had its own local high-speed trains as main transportation for citizens. The impact of economical factors was low. (S)ocial The economies of the EU countries was stable, this change the citizens lifestyles, such as increasing holiday travelling and business travelling. The consumer demographics were changing and consumer preferences also fluctuating. This brings the increase of the grey market. The impact of social factors was high. (T)echnological The use of Boeing NG 737-800s aircraft was low emission, low fuel burning consumption and environmentally-friendly. This reduces the flight cost to provide low fares for passengers. Ryanair also provide online booking and reservation service on its website (www.ryanair.com) which called Skylights, designed by Accenture Open Skies. It allows internet users to access Ryanairs host reservation system and to make payment for confirmed reservations in real time. The result of internet booking had growth rapidly since Ryanair launch the Skylights system. The impact of technological factors was low. (E)nvironmental Ryanair had changed its fleet from Boeing 737-200 aircraft to Boeing NG 737-800s Next Generation aircraft since the replacement and expansion programme start at 1999. Ryanair own and operate the youngest and most fuel efficient aircraft fleet in Europe. Ryanair as the Europes greenest airline has minimized and continues to reduce fuel burn and CO2 emissions combination with numerous fuel saving measures, such as using latest aircraft winglets design and engine technology. It helps to increase fuel efficiency and limit emissions. Ryanair is also the European leader in noise levels controls, and it is good at waste reduction of low-fare low-cost business model, such as no free meals, drinks or newspapers offer. (L)egal Ryanair was focus on airports terms and conditions and deal airport access and service charges agreement among airports, many airports has allowed Ryanair to negotiate favorable contracts with access airports facilities. Strengths analysis Ryanair had the first mover advantage and it is a low cost Airline Business Model that restructured European Aviation Industry as low cost leader with substantial growth. It use pioneer innovative cost reduction methods and established market share with high load factor. Ryanair had a good strong public image which provide various ancillary services and kept expanding flight routes. Ryanair also is the member of safety committee. Weaknesses analysis Ryanair had incompatible relationship with competitors, with fickle customer relations. It manages uncharacteristic expansion and only relies on Michael OLeary. Strategy evaluation Ryanair mainly focus on online bookings service and only provide one class travel with ticketless boarding and unallocated seats. Their flights just fly to secondary or regional airports with point-to-point flying and reduced turnaround times. Ryanair work their marketing in-house, no frills and no refund policy. It owns Europe youngest and large uniform new fleets of Boeing NG737-800s. It operations denominated in Europe and hedge fuel risk to avoid high fuel cost.

Big Business and The Robber Barons Essay -- Corporate America Consumer

The decades after the Civil War rapidly changed the face of the United States. The rapid industrialization of the nation changed us from generally agrarian to the top industrial power in the world. Business tycoons thrived during this time, forging great business empires with the use of trusts and pools. Farmers moved to the cities and into the factories, living off wages and changing the face of the workforce. This rapid industrialization created wide gaps in society, and the government, which had originally taken a hands off approach to business, was forced to step in. Many individuals took advantage of the rapid industrialization and high influx of cheap labor in the form of immigrants. Among these entrepreneurs were John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and George Pullman. Each made a name for themselves by forging their own corporate empire. Rockefeller was an industrialist and philanthropist who made his fortune by founding the Standard Oil Company in 1870. Attempting to monopolize the industry and squeeze out the middle man, Rockefeller slowly gained almost complete control of the oil industry. He formed the powerful Standard Oil Trust in 1882, which united all of his companies and secured 95% of oil production in the United States for himself. Rockefeller was an industrialist who stamped out all of his competition with his trust, eventually leading to Congress intervention. Andrew Carnegie found his fortune in steel. Arriving in America in 1848, he quickly made his way up society’s ladder and in 1870 founded the Carnegie Steel Company in Pittsburgh. Carnegie was opposed to monopolistic practices, but succeeded in eliminating the middle man. He pioneered the tactic of â€Å"vertical integration†... ...elped to widen the rift between rich and poor. Farmers, who were once self-employed, were rapidly becoming factory workers. In 1860 half the nation was self-employed, but by 1900 two-thirds were dependent on wages. This trend caused the rapid urbanization of America, which brought out some issues. Wages were rising, so it was good to be working, but with dependent wages the workers we’re susceptible to economic downturns. The workplace also became much less personable as people began to move to factory jobs. New machines would often displace workers, and individual workers had little power to fight for their rights against the industries. There was always a fear of unemployment, and reformers struggled to protect wages and have provisions for temporary unemployment. As more people moved to the cities and the corporations grew, social rifts became larger and larger.

The Film Amadeus Essay -- History Compare Movie Essays Papers

The Film Amadeus This paper will take a look into the movie Amadeus, to see if the film accurately depicts the history of Amadeus and the enlightenment of the characters. The time period that the film takes place in is the 18th century. There is a mixture of social class in this film. There are rulers and commoners shown in this film. The main characters in the film which are Mozart, Salieri, and Emperor Joseph represent actual historical figures. The film was made in 1984.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film was somewhat accurate with the characters and the time, but for the most part the film never stated what year everything was happening in. Someone could tell that the time frame of the film was the 18th century, but you really couldn’t tell the exact year it was happening. For example in one scene where Mozart’s father comes to see him and his wife, we find out that she is pregnant. Later on in the movie she has a child. There was no reference of time in the film. You can tell that months passed through simple action like that one in the film. Another example would be in the time Amadeus took to make his works. It’s hard to tell how long he took to make his operas, the way the filmed showed. As for the characters the film depicted them well. There were some things that did seem right. For the way they showed Salieri to kill Mozart. Looking at information on this, I couldn’t find a fact to state that Salieri killed Mozart. As stated in Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia â€Å"he died of typhoid fever in Venna on Dec. 5 1791; his burial was attended by few friends and the place of his grave is unmarked.† This states nothing that Salieri was the reason for Amadeus’ death. The film is trying to market the film as a tale of murder. But there really wasn’t any murder in this film. More like a man willing to die to finish something he believed as a work of art. The film depicts Mozart more to killing him self then Salieri murdering him. Someone could argue that Salieri did kill Mozart by dressing like his father to make the final opera. But this was Mozart own doing, as his obsession with having perfect music took him over. Not to get me wrong the film did a good job in showing Mozart. It had historical value and entertainment. This film can be viewed as a quick historical vie... ...nship to God differs from Mozart because Salieri didn’t envy God he hated God for giving Mozart this gift. He did envy Mozart because he was everything he wanted to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion this film gave a good depiction of Mozart. Some of the points in the film weren’t that accurate. Many little feature could of helped the film in be more of a accurate historical film. This wasn’t a historical film, it was more for entertainment value. If this film was not an entertaining film like it was then it would have never have been should an award winning movie. This was a great film. I enjoyed it, found it funny, and moving at times. I know little about Mozart before. After seeing the film I did learn more about Mozart. This was not a boring film as I wanted to see what is going to happen. I would recommend this film to be seen. If someone wants to be entertained they should see it. If someone wants to learn a little about Mozart they should see the film, but if you want to learn Amadeus’s whole life this film will not do this. So basically watch this film for enjoyment and to learn the general information about Mozart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚